| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Summer 1981 hunger demonstrations in Poland ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Summer 1981 hunger demonstrations in Poland
In mid-1981, amid widespread economic crisis and food shortages, thousands of Poles, mainly women and their children, took part in several hunger demonstrations, organized in cities and towns across the country. The protests were peaceful, without rioting, and the biggest one took place on July 30, 1981 in Łódź. The situation in Poland was serious enough that it prompted Adam Michnik to write, "Poland faces hunger uprisings'".〔(The Polish Revolution By Timothy Garton Ash, page 192 )〕
== Background ==
The summer of 1981 was a very turbulent time in Communist Poland. The creation of Solidarity, the first independent mass political movement in the Eastern Bloc, raised the hopes of millions of Poles, and in the mid-1980s, Solidarity was by far the biggest non-religious organization of the country, with around 10 million members.〔(BBC Europe, Analysis: Solidarity's legacy ) “Soon Solidarity was claiming 10 million members”〕 However, at the same time, the economic crisis was so serious and food shortages in Poland were so common, that in several cities the so-called hunger demonstrations (or hunger processions) took place. The biggest protests occurred in Łódź, the city which suffered in particular from meat shortages.〔("Polish Minister and Union Reach Compromise on Meat Ration Cut", By James M. Markham, special to ''The New York Times'' ): "Three more days of limited protests are planned in Lodz, which appears to have suffered especially from meat shortages."〕
According to the ''Rzeczpospolita'' daily, summer of 1981 was the “bottom of the crisis”.〔(Michał Radgowski, Dzikie strajki, marsze głodowe. Rzeczpospolita daily, July 28, 2001 )〕 Virtually all products were lacking, including hay, meats, coffee, laundry detergents, sugar and cigarettes. In Warsaw, buses of the public transit authority, had no spare tires and the company announced that only main routes would be kept, adding that the public has to get used to the situation, in which "there is shortage of meat, soap, cigarettes and the decent transportation system".〔(Michał Radgowski, Dzikie strajki, marsze głodowe. Rzeczpospolita daily, July 28, 2001 )〕 The situation was summarized by a grim Solidarity poster that appeared on Polish streets in early summer 1981. It showed a black skull with a crossed knife and fork under it. ''The first result of the ninth party congress: a cut in food rations,'' the poster said, referring to the 20 percent reduction in meat allotments.〔("Polish Food Shortage Spurs New Unrest". By James M. Markham, special to ''The New York Times'' )〕
According to the statistics, released at the end of July 1981, meat supplies had fallen 17% in the first six months of the year, and the government of Poland tried to control the situation by limiting meat allotments for the population of the country. It was announced, that starting in August 1981, some 16 million citizens would be able to purchase up to 3 kilograms of meats monthly, instead of 3.7 kilograms before (provided that there was any meat on the market). This announcement raised angry comments, Solidarity demanded control of food production, and there were rumors that the government was keeping meat away from the public.〔(Michał Radgowski, Dzikie strajki, marsze głodowe. ''Rzeczpospolita'' daily, July 28, 2001 )〕 People were spending days, if not weeks, in lines to buy necessary products. In many cases, special ''Queue Social Committees'' were formed, which nominated the ''Head of the Queue'' - a person who drew up a list of those waiting, and at appointed times, checked the names. Those who did not show up, lost their place in the line.〔(The Polish Revolution By Timothy Garton Ash, page 192 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Summer 1981 hunger demonstrations in Poland」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|